- The coronavirus downturn differs significantly from past event-driven bear markets and stands to hit equities even harder, Goldman Sachs said Tuesday.
- The firm analyzed 27 bear markets since 1880 to estimate the current slump's length and depth.
- Though stocks' current level matches declines seen in past bear markets, factors unique to the coronavirus threat could drive prices even lower, the bank's chief global equities strategist said.
- Here are four key differences between the coronavirus-fueled slide and past bear markets, from historically low interest rates to the pandemic's unpredictable nature.
- Visit the Business Insider homepage for more stories.
The coronavirus's "one-off 'shock'" dragged US stocks into bearish territory faster than any past tumble, and a handful of unique factors suggest it will be harder than usual to recover, Goldman Sachs said Tuesday.
The bank analyzed 27 bear markets since 1880 to estimate how long and deep the latest downturn will last. Markets' latest decline brought forth an event-driven bear market, the analysts said, as opposed to cyclical and structural declines seen throughout history. The coronavirus drove a plunge of "unprecedented nature," and uncertainty around the pandemic's future contributed to all-time high market volatility, Peter Oppenheimer, chief global equities strategist at Goldman, wrote.
Even after the Dow posted its biggest gain in 87 years on Tuesday, equities sit well below bullish levels as investors wait for the government to issue trillions of dollars in fiscal relief.
Past event-driven slumps saw stocks fall 29% and remain in bearish territory for nine months on average, according to the bank, yet it expects the coronavirus to buck the trend. Here are the four characteristics differentiating the current market from past event-driven slides, according to Goldman Sachs.
Pandemic-sourced uncertainty
No event-driven bear market example analyzed by the bank was driven by a global public-health crisis, and the lack of precedent leaves markets with few sources of optimism. Most downturns were prompted by market-specific events, allowing monetary policy to respond and directly ease stresses.
The coronavirus's economic fallout can't be patched as simply, Goldman said, and the rapid jump in quarantine activity dulls the impact of governments' usual stimulus measures.
"Interest rate cuts may not be effective in an environment of fear where consumers are required, or simply inclined, to stay at home," Oppenheimer wrote.
Second-stage infections
Past pandemics such as 2003's SARS saw equities markets quickly bounce back from their lows once the rate of infection in secondary outbreak sites slowed. While China has effectively curbed contagion within its borders, escalating outbreaks in the US, Italy, and Iran prompted fresh selling as investors traded risk assets for safe havens.
The stop to economic activity in Europe and the US will further harm markets before they recover. Historic amounts of fiscal stimulus will be required to keep the event-driven bear market from turning into a prolonged downturn, Goldman said.
The rebounds seen after past crises were fueled by consumers' quick return to regular activity, and such recovery amid the coronavirus pandemic is unlikely, according to the bank.
"The fear factor around the economic shock from preventative measures may push markets down further in the meantime," Oppenheimer added.
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